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 Testing shows presence of defects: </h2>
<ul>
<li>Testing can show the defects are present, but cannot prove that there are no defects </li>
<li>As we find more defects, the probability of undiscovered defects remaining in a system reduces ( decreasing nature). </li>
<li>However Testing cannot prove that there are no defects present </li>
</ul>
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Exhaustive testing is impossible </h2>
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<ul>
<li>We have learned that we cannot test everything (i.e. all combinations of inputs and per-conditions).  </li>
<li>That is we must prioritize our testing effort using a Risk Based Approach. </li>
<li>Test designing techniques can be helpful to prioritize the tests </li>
</ul>
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Early testing </h2>
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<ul>
<li>In the software development life cycle testing activities should start as early as possible </li>
<li>Testing activities should be focused on defined objectives – outlined in the Test Strategy </li>
</ul>
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Defect clustering </h2>
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<ul>
<li>A small number of modules contains most of the defects discovered  during pre-release testing or shows the most operational failures. </li>
<li>Defects are not evenly distributed in a system, they are ‘clustered’ </li>
<li>In other words, most defects found during testing are usually  confined to a small number of modules  ( 80%  of  uncovered errors   focused in  20%  modules of the whole application) “Pareto law” </li>
</ul>
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Pesticide paradox </h2>
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<ul>
<li>Testing identifies bugs, and programmers respond to fix them. as  bugs are eliminated by the programmers, the software improves </li>
<li>If the same kinds of tests are repeated again and again, eventually  the same set of test cases will no longer be able to find any new bugs.  </li>
<li>Therefore we must learn, create and use new tests based  on new techniques to catch new bugs   ( i.e. It is not a matter of  repetition. It is a matter of learning and improving) </li>
</ul>
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  Testing is context depending </h2>
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<ul>
<li>Testing  is basically context dependent. </li>
<li>Testing is done differently in  different contexts, different kinds of sites are tested differently.  For example, safety – critical software is tested differently from an  e-commerce site. </li>
</ul>
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Absence – of – errors fallacy </h2>
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<ul>
<li>If the system built is unusable and does not fulfill the user’s  needs and expectations then finding and fixing defects does not help.</li>
</ul>
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Seven Key Principles of Testing

Testing shows presence of defects: Testing can show the defects are present, but cannot prove that there are no defects As we fin...

Seven Key Principles of Testing

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