TechClimbs Blog

Seven Key Principles of Testing

0 ISTQB CTFL, Manual Testing, QA Process, Software Testing

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 </h2>
<h2>
 Testing shows presence of defects: </h2>
<ul>
<li>Testing can show the defects are present, but cannot prove that there are no defects </li>
<li>As we find more defects, the probability of undiscovered defects remaining in a system reduces ( decreasing nature). </li>
<li>However Testing cannot prove that there are no defects present </li>
</ul>
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<h2>
Exhaustive testing is impossible </h2>
<br />
<ul>
<li>We have learned that we cannot test everything (i.e. all combinations of inputs and per-conditions).  </li>
<li>That is we must prioritize our testing effort using a Risk Based Approach. </li>
<li>Test designing techniques can be helpful to prioritize the tests </li>
</ul>
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<h2>
Early testing </h2>
<br />
<ul>
<li>In the software development life cycle testing activities should start as early as possible </li>
<li>Testing activities should be focused on defined objectives – outlined in the Test Strategy </li>
</ul>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<h2>
Defect clustering </h2>
<br />
<ul>
<li>A small number of modules contains most of the defects discovered  during pre-release testing or shows the most operational failures. </li>
<li>Defects are not evenly distributed in a system, they are ‘clustered’ </li>
<li>In other words, most defects found during testing are usually  confined to a small number of modules  ( 80%  of  uncovered errors   focused in  20%  modules of the whole application) “Pareto law” </li>
</ul>
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<h2>
Pesticide paradox </h2>
<br />
<ul>
<li>Testing identifies bugs, and programmers respond to fix them. as  bugs are eliminated by the programmers, the software improves </li>
<li>If the same kinds of tests are repeated again and again, eventually  the same set of test cases will no longer be able to find any new bugs.  </li>
<li>Therefore we must learn, create and use new tests based  on new techniques to catch new bugs   ( i.e. It is not a matter of  repetition. It is a matter of learning and improving) </li>
</ul>
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</a></div>
</h2>
<h2>
  Testing is context depending </h2>
<br />
<ul>
<li>Testing  is basically context dependent. </li>
<li>Testing is done differently in  different contexts, different kinds of sites are tested differently.  For example, safety – critical software is tested differently from an  e-commerce site. </li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
<h2>
Absence – of – errors fallacy </h2>
<br />
<ul>
<li>If the system built is unusable and does not fulfill the user’s  needs and expectations then finding and fixing defects does not help.</li>
</ul>
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Seven Key Principles of Testing

Testing shows presence of defects: Testing can show the defects are present, but cannot prove that there are no defects As we fin...

Documents prepared by software QA/Testers in different phases of STLC-Software Testing Lifecycle

0 Manual Testing, QA Process, Software Testing

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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">STLC
   Phase</span></b></div>
</td>
   <td style="background: #CCCCCC; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-pattern: gray-20 auto; mso-shading: windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 202.5pt;" valign="top" width="270"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 77.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Input</span></b></div>
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   <td style="background: #CCCCCC; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-pattern: gray-20 auto; mso-shading: windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 77.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Deliverables
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 <tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Requirement’s
  Review</span></div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 202.5pt;" valign="top" width="270"><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">BRS Document</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">SRS Document</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Prototype
  Application </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">User
  Interface Documen </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Contract
  Document </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Proposal
  Document </span></li>
</ul>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Review
  document</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Updated
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Test Planning</span><span style="font-size: 15.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 77.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 202.5pt;" valign="top" width="270"><ul>
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<li><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">SRS
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  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 77.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Test
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 </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 153.9pt;" valign="top" width="205"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 77.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Test Designing</span><span style="font-size: 15.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 77.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
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  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 202.5pt;" valign="top" width="270"><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">SRS
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<li><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Test
  Plan</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Project
  QA Plan</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Prototype
  Application </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">User
  Interface Document </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Detailed
  Design Document </span></li>
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</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Test
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<li><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Traceability
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Test Execution</span><span style="font-size: 15.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 77.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 56.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 202.5pt;" valign="top" width="270"><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">SRS
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<li><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Test
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<li><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Test
  Design Document</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Traceability
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<li><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Test
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<li><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Defect
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</td>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Test Closure</span><span style="font-size: 15.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 77.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
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(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
</script>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 3.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 202.5pt;" valign="top" width="270"><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Test Execution
  Summary Report</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Defect Report</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Test
  Design Document</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Traceability
  Matrix Document</span></li>
</ul>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 3.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Updated
  Defect Report</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Traceability
  Matrix Document</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Test
  Closure Certificate</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 77.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
 </tr>
</tbody></table>

Documents prepared by software QA/Testers in different phases of STLC-Software Testing Lifecycle

STLC Phase Input Deliverables / Output Requirement’s Review BRS Document SRS Document Pro...

Software Automation Testing concepts - What is automation testing

0 Test Automation

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div>
While moving from manual testing to automation many question arrives in our mind about automation. I tried to summaries few generic concepts in this article which will be helpful for those who moving to automation<br />
<div>
<br />
<span class="_Tgc">In software <b>testing</b>, <b>test automation</b> is the use of special software (separate from the software being tested) to control the execution of <b>tests</b> and the comparison of actual outcomes with predicted outcomes.(wiki)</span><br />
<br />
<span class="_Tgc">Automation can be divided into two categories</span><br />
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span class="_Tgc">Functional Automation</span></li>
<li><span class="_Tgc">Non Functional Automation</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<span class="_Tgc">Concept of automation is same like functional and non functional testing. For example if you want to automation functional testing its called functional automation and if you want to automate non functional automation its called non functional automation</span><br />
<span class="_Tgc"><br /></span>
<br />
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<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Benefits of Software Automation Testing </h4>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Test automation enables one to achieve detailed product testing with significant reduction in test cycle time.</li>
<li>The efficiency of automated testing incorporated into product lifecycle can generate sustainable time and money savings.</li>
<li>Better, faster testing.</li>
<li>Rapid validation of software changes with each new release of application is possible.</li>
<li>Automated testing increases the significance and accuracy of testing and results in greater test coverage.</li>
<li>Automated testing offers a level of consistency, which is not achievable through the use of manual testing.</li>
<li>Automated testing eliminates the time constraints associated with manual testing. Scripts can be executed at any time without human intervention.</li>
<li>Automated test scripts are re-usable, and can be used across varying scenarios and environments.</li>
<li>Enhanced productivity.</li>
<li>Automation eliminates many of the mundane functions associated with regression testing.</li>
<li>Manual Testing of all work flows, all fields , all negative scenarios is time and cost consuming</li>
<li>It is difficult to test for multi lingual sites manually, automation is a big support for this.</li>
<li>Automation does not require Human intervention. You can run automated test unattended (overnight)</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
When to automate</h4>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>If you are working in Agile</li>
<li>Regression test cases</li>
<li>Multilingual websites</li>
<li>GUI Testing</li>
<li>Performance testing</li>
<li>Acceptance test cases if they are in large amount</li>
</ul>
<h4>
Risks involved in Automation Testing</h4>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Resources skills</li>
<li>Automation tool cost</li>
<li>Frequent changes in GUI</li>
<li>Tool selection</li>
</ul>
<h4>
Automation Tools</h4>
<div style="text-align: left;">
There  are many automation tools available in market , i have listed few best tools available in market</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
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<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Selenium</li>
<li>HP UFT</li>
<li>Test Complete</li>
<li>MS Test Manager ( Coded UI)</li>
<li>Telerik Test Studio</li>
<li>Watir</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<h4>
</h4>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<h4>
 Automation Tool Selection</h4>
<div style="text-align: left;">
The second step in test automation tool evaluation is the selection of tools. While selecting tools it is important to remember that no single tool will satisfy all the requirements. The tool that meets most of the evaluation criteria should be chosen after discussion with stakeholders. Based on the tools limitations with respect to requirements, the automation activities must be planned. All tools that meet most of the evaluation criteria can considered for evaluation. When many tools are found to satisfy the evaluation criteria, further analysis of tools should be done.<span style="color: #383331; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Ÿ</span> </div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<ul>
<li> Environment Support</li>
<li> Ease of use</li>
<li> Testing of Database</li>
<li> Object identification</li>
<li> Image Testing</li>
<li> Error Recovery Testing</li>
<li> Object Mapping</li>
<li> Scripting Language Used</li>
<li> Support for various types of test - including functional, test management, mobile, etc...</li>
<li> Support for multiple testing frameworks</li>
<li> Easy to debug the automation software scripts</li>
<li> Ability to recognize objects in any environment</li>
<li> Extensive test reports and results</li>
<li> Minimize training cost of selected tools </li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
</div>
</div>

Software Automation Testing concepts - What is automation testing

While moving from manual testing to automation many question arrives in our mind about automation. I tried to summaries few generic conce...

How to delete multiple facebook group members- Delete fb group members in bulk

0 General Topics

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
You might need to delete all Facebook group members in below cases<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Want to close the group</b><br />
If you want to close Facebook group and your members are in large numbers you cannot close your group until  unless all members are deleted <br />
<br />
<b>Want to change the group privacy</b><br />
If you want to change the group privacy and your group have large members you can't change the privacy until your group members are not deleted<br />
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<br />

<br />
<b>Want to delete all old members and want to add new members</b><br />
If you added group members before and now you want to delete  then and want to add them with verification you need to deleted them<br />
<br />
What ever the situation you have , Facebook have no facility to delete FB group members in bulk , you can only delete the members one by one only.<br />
<br />

But it does not means you can't delete , here is the solution you can delete all members by using our below techniques.<br />
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<br />
1- Download the code<br />
<iframe height="480" src="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0ByUGSgBh-SNcS3RqZS1zc2FaaWM/preview" width="640"></iframe>

2- Edit the code and put your facebook ID to ensure that your are not being deleted from the group and copy the code<br />
<br />
3- Open your FB group in Google Chrome<br />
<br />
4- Select the members tab of your group<br />
<br />
5- Open the Developer option in chrome  Press (CTRL+SHIFT+I) on same time<br />
<br />
6- Paste the code and then press enter, that's it now group member deletes will starts automaticall<br />
<br />

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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How to delete multiple facebook group members- Delete fb group members in bulk

You might need to delete all Facebook group members in below cases Want to close the group If you want to close Facebook group and your...

Seven Key Principles of Testing

Documents prepared by software QA/Testers in different phases of STLC-Software Testing Lifecycle

Software Automation Testing concepts - What is automation testing

How to delete multiple facebook group members- Delete fb group members in bulk

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